Methodology for Implementing Gradual Prohibition of Alcohol and Gambling in Corporate Practices: An Enhanced Quranic Perspective

 

Methodology for Implementing Gradual Prohibition of Alcohol and Gambling in Corporate Practices: An Enhanced Quranic Perspective

by
Nabeel Alkhalidy[1]

Abstract:
This article outlines a methodology for the gradual prohibition of alcohol and gambling within corporate structures, drawing inspiration from the stages of prohibition presented in the Quran. Additionally, it explores a new perspective on Surah Al-Baqarah 2:219, highlighting its direct link to business practices by guiding large businesses and corporations on aligning their practices with Islamic ethical standards if a society chooses to adopt Quranic principles in their laws and constitution.

Introduction:
The involvement of large businesses and corporations in the alcohol and gambling industries poses significant ethical challenges. The synergy between alcohol and gambling intensifies the potential for harm, as it not only contributes to financial detriment but also exacerbates the risk of developing addictive behaviors and other related issues, such as alcohol dependency, reckless behaviour, violence and severe mental health problems. Islamic jurisprudence, utilizing the Quranic model of gradual prohibition, offers a structured approach to address these challenges. This article proposes a methodology that corporations can adopt to phase out these unethical practices, reflecting the gradualism inherent in Quranic teachings, and emphasizing the need for a strategic, phased withdrawal from these sectors.

The Quran introduces the prohibition of alcohol and gambling through a series of revelations, each stage building upon the last to form a comprehensive approach to cessation:

Stage 1: Initial Awareness and Addressing harmful practices:

As Surah Al-Baqarah 2:219 states, "They ask you about wine and gambling. Say, 'In them is great sin and [yet, some] benefit for people. But their sin is greater than their benefit.' And they ask you what they should spend. Say, 'The excess [beyond needs].'" [2]This verse introduces the concepts of 'ithm' (sin) and 'naf' (benefit), guiding corporations to educate their stakeholders—employees, shareholders, and customers—about the ethical implications of alcohol and gambling. This stage involves transparency about the harms ('ithm') these industries inflict on society, which outweighs their benefits ('naf').

Surat Al-Baqarah, covers a broad range of topics, including the regulation of economic transactions as well as various aspects of business ethics, which include the prohibition of usury (riba), directives on charity, and guidelines for conducting business transactions in a fair manner. In this context the ayah appears to be addressing the questions made by the corporate sector rather than the individual.

The term 'afwu' (الْعَفْوَ), often translated by Classical Tafsir Scholars as "that which is surplus,"[3]carries a deeper connotation of avoiding harm or penalty. This nuanced meaning is illustrated in various Quranic contexts, including Surah Al-Baqarah 2:178, which introduces the concept of forgiveness and mercy through financial compensation, known as "diyah" or blood money. If the family of the victim forgives the murderer, they may accept blood money as compensation instead of exacting retribution. Here 'afwu' is a means for the victim's family to stop retribution towards the perpetrator.

Similarly, this principle of 'afwu' is directly relevant to the operations of businesses in sectors like alcohol and gambling, which often generate significant revenues at the cost of considerable debts incurred by their patrons. These businesses often make substantial donations to local governments, positioning these contributions as community support, although these actions typically serve to further their own interests. These donations can influence local policies and regulations in ways that favor the continuity and expansion of their operations, thereby embedding their interests within community governance structures.

By adopting 'afwu', these businesses can actively work to alleviate the burdens faced by individuals adversely affected by their operations. This could involve mitigating the losses of individuals who have been harmed by their services. This could include measures such as forgiving debts associated with gambling losses, providing support services for addiction recovery, and implementing measures to compensate those who have been significantly harmed. Additionally, companies could establish funds or programs aimed at rehabilitating those whose lives have been adversely impacted by alcohol and gambling, effectively practicing 'afwu' by stopping further harm and aiding in the repair of past damages.

This proactive approach not only aligns with the ethical mandates presented in Surah Al-Baqarah but also strengthens the social responsibility profile of these corporations, potentially leading to a more sustainable and ethically sound business model.

Stage 2: Policy Development and Initial Restrictions:

Surah An-Nisa 4:43 advises, "O you who have believed, do not approach prayer while you are intoxicated until you know what you are saying..." [4]This extends the responsibility beyond mere compliance with legal standards to an ethical duty not to promote or facilitate alcohol consumption. This includes not offering alcoholic beverages in settings where it might impair individuals' ability to fulfill their spiritual duties. Furthermore, businesses involved in the production or sale of alcohol are encouraged to strategize exits from the industry. This period of transition is crucial for developing sustainable business models in industries that are permissible and beneficial to society.

Stage 3: Implementation of Full Prohibition:

Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:90 commands, "O you who have believed, indeed, intoxicants, gambling, [sacrificing on] stone alters [to other than Allah], and divining arrows are but defilement from the work of Satan, so avoid it that you may be successful." [5]

Surat Al-Ma'idah, deals extensively with various legal rulings, including dietary laws that specify what is lawful (halal) and unlawful (haram) for consumption. The Surah provides detailed instructions on clean and unclean foods, preparation methods, and the spiritual implications of dietary choices. We also have the general address "O you who have believed" which implies that it is a comprehensive prohibition undertaken throughout society on an individual level.

This final stage involves implementing a full prohibition, including the cessation of all alcohol and gambling operations and a shift towards alternative, ethical business models. Companies should establish a clear timeline and framework for this transition, ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines and reducing financial disruption.

Governmental Support in Transition:

It is crucial for governments that uphold Quranic principles to assist these organizations during the transition period. This support can include financial incentives, resources for retraining and redeployment in permissible industries, and policies that facilitate a smooth transition while minimizing harm to the companies and their stakeholders. Such governmental aid not only reinforces the ethical imperatives of the Quran but also ensures that the economic impact on businesses is managed in a just and equitable manner.

Methodological Framework for Implementation Enhanced by Quranic Guidance:

The proposed methodology integrates core Islamic principles derived from Quranic guidance to ensure an ethical and effective transition away from business practices involving alcohol and gambling. This comprehensive framework includes:

1. Stakeholder Engagement: Involving all levels of the company in the transition process is crucial to ensure buy-in and compliance. This approach is inspired by the Quranic emphasis on community consultation (Shura), as mentioned in Surah Ash-Shura (42:38), which advocates for conducting their affairs by mutual consultation. Engaging stakeholders aligns with this principle by incorporating diverse perspectives and fostering a collaborative environment.
   
2. Incremental Policy Changes: The Quran advocates for a gradual approach in implementing significant lifestyle changes, as evidenced by the phased prohibition of alcohol in Surah Al-Baqarah (2:219) and Surah Al-Ma'idah (5:90). Similarly, businesses should gradually increase the scope of restrictions on alcohol and gambling. This method helps ease the transition for employees and customers, reducing resistance and facilitating smoother implementation.
   
3. Monitoring and Enforcement: Establishing robust mechanisms to monitor compliance and enforce policies effectively is essential. This component of the framework echoes the Quranic directive for justice and integrity in all matters, as highlighted in Surah An-Nisa (4:58), which commands the faithful to render trusts to whom they are due and to judge with justice. Effective monitoring ensures that the transition adheres to ethical standards and legal requirements, maintaining fairness and accountability.
   
4. Public Reporting and Transparency: Transparency is key in maintaining corporate accountability and public trust. Surah Al-Baqarah (2:282) emphasizes the importance of documenting financial transactions clearly to prevent doubts and disputes, which is the longest verse in the Quran and focuses on financial dealings. Applying this principle, companies should keep stakeholders informed about the progress and challenges of transitioning away from prohibited businesses, ensuring that all actions are clear and open to scrutiny.
   
5. Alternative Business Strategies: Developing and promoting business alternatives that align with Islamic values involves identifying and investing in industries that contribute positively to society. The Quran encourages beneficial enterprises that do not harm the individual or society, as implied by the general prohibition of harm (Surah Al-Baqarah 2:195: "And do not throw [yourselves] with your [own] hands into destruction"). Companies should explore opportunities in sectors that support health, education, and social welfare, reflecting the Islamic commitment to public good and ethical prosperity.

Conclusion:

For businesses in the alcohol and gambling sectors, the message of Surah Al-Baqarah 2:219 is clear: reassess the ethical implications of your operations and consider the broader societal impact. For countries adopting Quranic principles in their laws, facilitating businesses in transitioning away from harmful practices is crucial. By providing support and frameworks, governments can help businesses align with ethical values, promoting profitability through socially beneficial and responsible practices. This reflects the essence of Islamic corporate responsibility and fosters alignment with Quranic principles.

REFERENCES

[1] Quran Researcher at the Sibaway Institute

[2] The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Baqarah 2:219

[3] Al-Mahalli, Jalal ad-Din, and Jalal ad-Din as-Suyuti. Tafsir al-Jalalayn. Beirut: Dar al-Minhaj, 2007.

[4] The Holy Quran, Surah An-Nisa 4:43

[5] The Holy Quran, Surah Al-Ma'idah 5:90